Contenido Prestressed Concrete Building, Design, and Construction

This textbook imparts a firm understanding of the behavior of prestressed concrete and how it relates to design based on the 2014 ACI Building Code. It presents the fundamental behavior of prestressed concrete and then adapts this to the design of structures. The book focuses on prestressed concrete members including slabs, beams, and axially loaded members and provides computational examples to support current design practice along with practical information related to details and construction with prestressed concrete. It illustrates concepts and calculations with Mathcad and EXCEL worksheets. Written with both lucid instructional presentation as well as comprehensive, rigorous detail, the book is ideal for both students in graduate-level courses as well as practicing engineers.

Basic Concepts

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Loads
1.3 Serviceability, Strength, and Structural Safety
   1.3.1 ACI Provisions
   1.3.2 AASHTO Provisions
1.4 Structural Integrity and Sustainability
1.5 Serviceability and Stress Control by Prestressing
   1.5.1 Comparison Between Nonprestressed and Prestressed Concrete Beams
   1.5.2 Stress Control Using Prestressing
   1.5.3 Serviceability and Partial Prestress
1.6 Equivalent Loads and Load Balancing
1.7 Prestressing Concrete
   1.7.1 Pretensioning and Plant Operations
   1.7.2 Post-tensioning Operations
   1.7.3 Precast Concrete
1.8 Loss of Prestress
1.9 Supplemental Reading
Problems
References

2 Prestressed Concrete Applications

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Standardized Precast Prestressed Elements
2.3 Fixed Cross Section Elements
2.4 Fully Engineered Elements
2.5 Precast Nonprestressed Elements
2.6 Case Studies
   2.6.1 Commercial Precast Concrete Building
   2.6.2 Solleks River Bridge
   2.6.3 Precast Concrete Water Storage Tanks
   2.6.4 Montreal Olympic Stadium
   2.6.5 Sydney Opera House
   2.6.6 Disney World Monorail
   2.6.7 Floating Concrete Structures
   2.6.8 Segmental and Cable Stayed Bridges
   2.6.9 Slabs-on-Ground
References

3 Materials

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Specified Mechanical Properties
3.3 Concrete Mechanical Properties
   3.3.1 Compressive Strength and Ductility
   3.3.2 Tensile Strength
   3.3.3 Elastic Modulus
   3.3.4 Shrinkage
   3.3.5 Creep
   3.3.6 Temperature Effects
3.4 Self-Consolidating Concrete
3.5 Prestressing Steel
   3.5.1 Strand and Wire
   3.5.2 Bars
   3.5.3 Relaxation
   3.5.4 Specialty Prestressing Materials
3.6 Anchor Systems
   3.6.1 Strand Chucks
   3.6.2 Monostrand Anchors
   3.6.3 Multistrand Anchors
   3.6.4 Bar Anchors
3.7 Tendon Corrosion Protection
   3.7.1 Monostrand Systems
   3.7.2 Multistrand Systems
References

4 Partial Loss of Prestress

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Effect of Losses
4.3 Addressing Losses in Design
4.4 Lump Sum Losses
4.5 Detailed Losses
   4.5.1 Anchor Set
   4.5.2 Losses due to Friction
   4.5.3 Elastic Shortening
   4.5.4 Creep Losses
   4.5.5 Shrinkage Losses
   4.5.6 Relaxation of Prestressing Reinforcement
4.6 Time-Step Approach to Losses
4.7 Friction Loss Derivation
   4.7.1 Wobble Friction
   4.7.2 Angular Friction
   4.7.3 Tendon Geometry
   4.7.4 Effects of Anchor Set
Problems
References

5 Flexural Basics of Analysis and Design

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Beam Global Behavior
5.3 Service Level Stresses
   5.3.1 Sign Convention
   5.3.2 Calculation of Service Level Stresses
   5.3.3 ACI 318 Stress Limits
   5.3.4 AASHTO Stress Limits
5.4 Section Flexural Strength
   5.4.1 Introduction
   5.4.2 Bonded Tendons: Strain Compatibility Solutions
   5.4.3 Bonded Tendons: ACI Approach
   5.4.4 Unbonded Tendons
   5.4.5 Flanged Sections
5.5 Stresses in Class T and C Beams (Partial Prestress)
   5.5.1 Cracked Section Properties
   5.5.2 PCI Design Handbook Approach
   5.5.3 Unbonded Tendons
Problems
References

6 Flexure: Design .

6.1 Practical Flexural Design Approach
   6.1.1 Selection of Section
   6.1.2 Selecting a Prestress Force and Tendon Location
   6.1.3 Perform Detailed Check of Design
6.2 Cover and Spacing Requirements
   6.2.1 Cover
   6.2.2 Minimum Spacing Requirements
   6.2.3 Maximum Spacing Requirements and Crack Control
6.3 Effective Flange Width
6.4 Contributions of Nonprestressed Reinforcement
   6.4.1 Longitudinal Reinforcement
   6.4.2 Stirrups
   6.4.3 Minimum Reinforcement
6.5 Transfer of Prestress
   6.5.1 Post-tensioning Anchorage
   6.5.2 Pretensioning Bond, Transfer Length, and Development Length
6.6 Control of Stresses at Pretensioned Beam Ends
6.7 Handling and Erection
Problems
References

7 Shear and Torsion

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Effect of Shear and Torsion Before Cracking
7.3 Shear Cracking
7.4 Shear Design Approach
7.5 Web-Shear Cracking Vcw
7.6 Flexure–Shear Cracking Vci
7.7 Critical Sections
7.8 Shear Reinforcement Vs
7.9 Design of Shear Reinforcement
7.10 Causes of Torsion
7.11 Torsional Strength .
7.12 Design for Torsion
7.13 Shear and Torsion Interaction
7.14 Flexure, Shear, and Torsion Reinforcement
7.15 Alternative Design Approach for Shear and Torsion
7.16 Shear and Torsion Design Example
    7.16.1 Solution Using Vc of 2
    7.16.2 Refined Shear and Torsion Solution
    7.16.3 Observations on Combined Shear and Torsion Design Solutions
Problem
References

8 Camber and Deflections

8.1 Introduction .
8.2 Controlling Deflections
8.3 Deflections in Nonprestressed Concrete
8.4 Effect of Prestressing on Section Properties
8.5 Camber
8.6 Control of Deflections
8.7 Effect of Cracking on Deflections
8.8 Time-Dependent Deflections
8.9 Deflections in Composite Members
8.10 Deflections due to Thermal Gradient
    8.10.1 Balanced Temperature Approach
    8.10.2 Parabolic Approximation
Problems
References

9 Continuous Slabs and Beams

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Factored and Service Load Analysis
9.3 Tendon Profiles and Stressing
9.4 Continuity and Prestressing
9.5 Moment Redistribution
9.6 Design Approach
References .

10 Composite Beams .

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Service Level Stresses
10.3 Nominal Flexural Strength
10.4 Horizontal Shear
10.5 Vertical Shear
10.6 Differential Shrinkage in Composite Beams
References

11 Two-Way Slabs

11.1 Introduction
11.2 Two-Way Slab Systems
11.3 Analysis and Design
11.4 Design of Flat Slabs
    11.4.1 Slab Thickness
    11.4.2 Supplemental Reinforcement
    11.4.3 Structural Integrity
    11.4.4 Moment Transfer at Columns
    11.4.5 Deflections
    11.4.6 Corner Slab Restraint .
    11.4.7 Openings in Slabs
11.5 Two-Way Slab Shear Design
    11.5.1 Allowable Shear Stresses
    11.5.2 Headed Shear Stud Systems
11.6 Two-Way Slab Flexural Design Example
References

12 Axially Loaded Members

12.1 Introduction
12.2 Tension Members
12.3 Compression Members
12.4 Piles
12.4.1 Pile Termination
12.4.2 Nominal Strength of Piles
References .

13 Spliced Girders

13.1 Introduction
13.2 Concepts
13.3 Construction
     13.3.1 Construction Sequence
     13.3.2 Splicing Options
     13.3.3 Construction Sequence .
13.4 Secondary Moments
13.5 Critical Sections
13.6 Design Example
     13.6.1 Stage 1 and 2
     13.6.2 Stage 3 Erect Drop-in Precast Beams
     13.6.3 Stage 4 Cast Deck
     13.6.4 Stage 5 Post-tension the Structure
     13.6.5 Stage 6 Superimposed Dead Load
     13.6.6 Stage 7 Live Load
     13.6.7 Flexural Strength
     13.6.8 Check Transverse Shear Strength
     13.6.9 Horizontal Shear Transfer
13.7 Comments on Example
13.8 Crossed Tendon Post-tensioning
    13.8.1 Determination of Effective Eccentricity for Interior Beams
    13.8.2 Determine Effective Eccentricities for the End Beam
    13.8.3 Discussion and Detailing Considerations
References

14 Strut-and-Tie Method

14.1 Introduction
14.2 Struts
14.3 Ties
14.4 Nodal Zones
14.5 ACI Provisions for Strut-and-Tie Method
    14.5.1 Strength of Struts
    14.5.2 Minimum Transverse Reinforcement
    14.5.3 Strength of Nodal Zones
    14.5.4 Strength of Ties
14.6 Strut-and-Tie Design
    14.6.1 The Truss Model
    14.6.2 Selecting Dimensions for Struts and Nodal Zones
    14.6.3 Strength of Struts
    14.6.4 Design of Ties and Anchorage
    14.6.5 Design Details and Minimum Reinforcement Requirements
14.7 Dapped Beam Ends
References

15 Connections and Anchoring to Concrete

15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Loads
15.2 Shear Friction
15.3 Anchorage to Concrete
     15.3.1 Behavior of Anchors
     15.3.2 Concrete Breakout Strength
     15.3.3 Anchor Design
15.4 ACI 318-14 Provisions for Concrete Breakout Strength
     15.4.1 Steel Strength
     15.4.2 Concrete Breakout Strength of Single Cast-In and Post-installed Anchors
     15.4.3 Pullout Strength of Anchors
     15.4.4 Side-Face Blowout
     15.4.5 Pryout of Anchors
     15.4.6 Combined Shear and Normal Force
     15.4.7 Anchor Reinforcement
     15.4.8 Adhesive Anchors
15.5 Small Concentrated Bearing Loads .
References

16 Comprehensive Problems

16.1 Concept
16.2 Floor Beam .
16.3 Pedestrian Bridge
16.4 Post-tensioned Pedestrian Bridge
16.5 Torsion Design of Pedestrian Bridge
16.6 Multistage Prestressing
16.7 Beam Design
     16.7.1 40IT32
     16.7.2 40IT48
     16.7.3 10DT34-68
     16.7.4 10DT34LW-68
     16.7.5 10DT34-80
     16.7.6 10DT34-60

Appendixes .
Author Index
Subject Index