Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground comprises a collection of 118 papers, four reports on symposium themes, and four invited lectures presented at the seventh International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, held in Rome, Italy, 16-18 May 2011.
Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground comprises a collection of 118 papers, four reports on symposium themes, and four invited lectures presented at the seventh International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, held in Rome, Italy, 16-18 May 2011.
The symposium was organized by the Technical Committee TC28 “Underground Construction in Soft Ground” of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). This is the latest in a series which began in New Delhi in 1994, and was followed by symposia in London (1996), Tokyo (1999), Toulouse (2002), Amsterdam (2005), and Shanghai (2008). The Rome symposium was organised by the Italian Geotechnical Society (AGI), under the auspices of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) and the Italian Ministry for Public Works, and sponsored by various national and international companies.
Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground includes contributions from 30 countries on research, design and construction of underground works in soft ground. The contributions cover:
- Construction, design, and measured performance of bored tunnels
- Physical and numerical modelling of deep excavations and bored tunnels
- Construction, design, and measured performance of deep excavations
- Design methods and predictive tools for deep excavations and bored tunnels
- Ground movements, interaction with existing structures and mitigation measures
- Activities of TC204 working groups
The general reports give an overview of the papers listed in the symposium’s technical sessions. The proceedings include the written version of the four invited lectures covering topics ranging from the geotechnical aspects of construction of the new Mexico City deep sewerage system (as a special contribution of TC214 “Soft Soils”), to the long-term settlement mechanisms of tunnels in Shanghai, the lessons learned from the deep excavations for the North-South Line in Amsterdam, and the evaluation of the effects of tunnel excavation on historical buildings, drawing on experience gathered during construction of subway line C in Rome.
Similar to previous editions, Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground represents a valuable source of reference on the current practice of analysis, design, and construction of tunnels and deep excavations in soft ground. The book is particular aimed at academics and professionals interested in geotechnical and underground engineering.
Preface
Organisation
Sponsors
Special lectures
Mexico City deep eastern drainage tunnel
M.A. Aguilar-Téllez, R. Méndez-Marroquin, J.L. Rangel-Núñez, M. Comulada-Simpson, U. Maidl & G. Auvinet-Guichard
Long-term tunnel settlement mechanisms of Metro Line 2 in Shanghai
C.W.W. Ng, Q. Li & G.B. Liu
Deep excavations for Amsterdam Metro North-South line: An update and lessons learned
A.F. van Tol & M. Korff
Evaluating the effects of tunnelling on historical buildings: The example of a new subway in Rome
S. Rampello, L. Callisto, F.M. Soccodato & G.M.B. Viggiani
Keiichi Fujita lecture
TC204 proposal for ‘Keiichi Fujita Lecture’
R. Kastner
Tribute to Professor Keiichi Fujita by ISSMGE Technical Committee 204 (formerly TC28) on Underground Construction in Soft Ground
R.J. Mair & H. Akagi
Session reports
Construction, design and measured performance of bored tunnels
C.O. Menkiti
Numerical and physical modelling of tunnels and deep excavations
S.W. Jacobsz
Construction, design and measured performance of deep excavations
J.R. Standing
Design methods and predictive tools for deep excavations and bored tunnels
L. Callisto
Construction, design, and measured performance of bored tunnels
Application of the image and laser sensors based tunnel scanning system
M. Sagong, T.H. Koh, B.S. Chun, B.H. Lee & Y.S. Byun
Manipulations of the sticky clays regarding EPB tunnel driving
G. Spagnoli, M. Feinendegen, R. Ernst & M. Weh
The effects of anisotropy and of unhomogeneity of stress state on the lining of road tunnel in a Flysch formation
V.M. Santoro
Foam conditioning in EPB tunnelling
M. Thewes, C. Budach & A. Bezuijen
High-resolution multichannel seismic survey for the excavation of the new headrace tunnel for the Crevola Toce III hydropower scheme in the Ossola Valley, Italy
M. Sapigni, A.M. Baldi, F. Bianchi & J. De Luca
Geotechnical instrumentation data management
J.L. Gilby, P. Eng & M. Socol
Design and construction of a sewer tunnel in difficult site conditions
P. Croce, S. Di Maio, G. Speciale & L. Cassibba
Prediction and performance of a ground freezing application to the rehabilitation works of an existing tunnel
A. Pigorini, A. Sciotti, G. Zoppo & G. Calabresi
Flow around a TBM: A Comparison of analytical and numerical models
A. Bezuijen, F. Nagel & G. Meschke
Design of jet-grouting for tunnel waterproofing
M. Arroyo, A. Gens, P. Croce & G. Modoni
Modelling a deep tunnel excavation in a low-porosity tectonised clay
D. Boldini & A. Graziani
Micro-measurement and monitoring system for ageing underground infrastructure (Underground M3)
K. Soga, A. Ledesma, A. Roncaglia & I. Vaníček
Settlement monitoring and tunnelling process adaptation—case of South Toulon tunnel
J.P. Janin, D. Daniel, R. Kastner, F. Emeriault, A. Guilloux & H. Lebissonnais
Backcalculation of internal forces in the segmental lining of a tunnel: The experience of Line 1 in Naples
E. Bilotta & G. Russo
Backanalysis of measured movements in ageing tunnels
C. de Santos, A. Ledesma & A. Gens
Modelling and monitoring of a urban underground excavation
A. Cantone, R. Fico, F. Cavuoto & A. Mandolini
The Line 3 of the Metro of Cairo
P. Patrizi
Methods of monitoring of metro lining in Prague
M. Vaníček, S. Chamra, D. Jirásko, J. Macháček, I. Vaníček, J. Záleský, A. Hada, K. Chaiyasarn & K. Soga
Two adjacent railway tunnels underneath the historic city of Mainz
H. Quick, J. Michael, S. Meissner & U. Arslan
Aicha-Mauls on the Brenner Base Tunnel—status of the works and results
H. Quick, J. Michael, K. Bergmeister & E. Facchin
A new tunnel bored in alluvial soft soil under the Malaga Airport
C.S. Oteo, J. García Pérez, H. Moreno, P. de La Fuente & J. Oteo Escobar
Analysis of convergence data and 3D numerical modelling of tunnels excavated in fine-grained soils
P. Perazzelli, T. Rotonda, D. Boldini, A.M. Ajmone-Cat & P.M. Gianvecchio
Back-fill grout with two component mix in EPB tunneling to minimize surface settlements: Rome Metro—Line C case history
S. Pelizza, D. Peila, R. Sorge & F. Cignitti
Deep excavation of Malatesta Station in Rome: Design, construction and measures
E. Romani, R. Sorge, G. Guiducci, A. Lucarelli & G. Furlani
Line C in Rome: Remote monitoring system
R. Sorge, S. Moretti & O. Tripoli
Physical and numerical modelling of deep excavations and bored tunnels
Review of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids behaviour in the context of grouts
S. Kazemian, A. Prasad & B.B.K. Huat
Stability of cohesive-frictional soils with square underground openings
K. Yamamoto, A.V. Lyamin, D.W. Wilson, A.J. Abbo & S.W. Sloan
Bearing capacity analysis of cohesive-frictional soils with dual circular tunnels
K. Yamamoto, A.V. Lyamin, D.W. Wilson, A.J. Abbo & S.W. Sloan
Centrifuge modelling of the response of buildings to tunnelling
R.P. Farrell & R.J. Mair
Tunnelling-induced deformation on a masonry structure: A numerical approach
A. Amorosi, D. Boldini, G. de Felice & M. Malena
The dynamic behavior of shield circular tunnels and surrounding granular soils during earthquakes
M. Hatambeigi, Y. Pashang Pisheh & M. Pashang Pisheh
An investigation into Inclined Struts method as a type of shoring
A. Fakher & S. Sadeghian
Understanding ground deformation mechanisms during multi-propped excavation in soft clay
S.Y. Lam, S.K. Haigh & M.D. Bolton
Face stability control for EPB tunnels in a non homogeneous till formation with highly permeable layers
A. Graziani, A. Lembo-Fazio, M. Moccichino & P. Romualdi
Numerical simulation of long-term twin-tunnel behaviour at St James’s park
R.G. Laver & K. Soga
The efficiency of compensation grouting in sands
K. Soga, A. Bezuijen & K. Eisa
Tunneling in stratified soft ground: Experimental study on 1g EPBS reduced scale model
N. Berthoz, D. Branque, H. Wong, G. Généreux, D. Subrin & E. Humbert
Effects of the excavation procedure on the stability of diaphragm wall panels
D. L’Amante & A. Flora
Water table lowering effects on excavations
N.P. Raposo & A.T. Gomes
Influence of leakage on tunnel behavior in soft soils
D.M. Zhang, H.W. Huang & Z.Y. Fan
Effect of soil stratification on pipe behaviour due to tunnelling-induced ground movements based on the displacement controlled method
Z.G. Zhang, M.S. Huang, M.X. Zhang & W.D. Wang
Influence of overcut length on jack force and acting earth pressure during pipe jacking
A. Asanprakit, M. Sugimoto & J. Chen
Assessment of building damage induced by excavation using plate analogy
E. Namazi & H. Mohamad
Comparing the limit equilibrium method and the numerical stress analysis method of tunnel face stability assessment
P. Perazzelli & G. Anagnostou
An analytical method to control tunnel lining settlements
A.D. Garini
Interaction between tunnelling and bridge foundation—3D numerical investigation
C. Yoo & S.J. Wu
Numerical analysis of precast tunnel segmental lining supported by full-scale experimental tests
F. Cignitti, R. Sorge, A. Meda, F. Nerilli & Z. Rinaldi
The ground movement simulator: An interesting facility for the study of the behavior of buildings submitted to ground subsidence
M. Caudron, M. Al Heib, B. Hor & F. Emeriault
Experimental and numerical study of grout injections in silty soils
L. Masini, S. Rampello, G.M.B. Viggiani & K. Soga
3D finite element analysis of deep excavations with cross-walls
S. Rampello & S. Salvatori
A 3D numerical study of deep excavations in clayey soils
E. Erbì & F.M. Soccodato
Construction, design, and measured performance of deep excavations
Interaction of retaining structure with adjacent building: Multi-stage numerical analysis
E.M. Comodromos & M.C. Papadopoulou
Effect of pressurized grouting on anchor behavior in residual soils
T.-S. Kim, B.-K. Sim, J.-S. Kim, S.-W. Lee & I.-M. Lee
Design and construction of anchored diaphragm walls and dewatering system for the excavation of a two-level basement car park at the Al Ghazala Hotel Intercontinental in Tripoli—Libya
C. Asioli, M. Agostini & T. Minotti
Underground car parks in Italian urban areas: Not an easy task!
G. Pagotto, P. Silvi & F. Casadei
Recent uses of directional drilling technology in the construction field
D. Vanni, M. Siepi, M. Croce, F. Melli & V. Specchio
Leak detection in complex underground structures using an innovative geophysical method
D. Vanni & E. Geutebrück
Construction of a large underground parking in Bari downtown
R. Granata, F. Gioia & V. Cotecchia
Seepage experiences for deep urban excavation at the TBM Malatesta shaft, Rome
A. Capata & V. Capata
Spatial effects on excavations in deep soft lacustrine clay
P. Becker, G. Berhane & H.-G. Kempfert
Detection of imperfections in diaphragm walls with geophysical measurements
R. Spruit, V. Hopman & A.F. van Tol
An integrated monitoring and risk management system for civil construction works
E.P.T. Smits
The study of displacements of diaphragm walls built in Warsaw Quaternary soils
A. Siemińska-Lewandowska, M. Mitew-Czajewska & U. Tomczak
Design control and monitoring of a jet grouted excavation bottom plug
N. Eramo, G. Modoni & M.A.A. de Toledo
Dewatering tests results for underground C Line stations construction
M. Grisolia, G. Iorio & A. Zechini
Evaluation of negative skin friction on sheet pile walls at the Rio Grande dry dock, Brazil
C.M. Santana, F.A.B. Danziger, F.R. Lopes, L.B. Becker & R.J.L. Pereira
Challenging demands on the geotechnical design and first monitoring results of the T185 in Frankfurt
S. Meissner, H. Quick, J. Michael & U. Arslan
Geotechnical design of a railway tunnel and an underground station supporting the new city hall, Delft, The Netherlands
M.J.C. Everaars, E. Kwast, C.M. Meulblok, S. Delfgaauw & H. Mortier
CSM-cutter soil mixing—worldwide experiences of a young soil mixing method in soft soils
F.-W. Gerressen & T. Vohs
The construction of deep excavation ditch in weak soil in St. Petersburg
R. Mangushev, E. Lashkova, V. Smolenkov & A. Osokin
Effect of staged dewatering and excavation on the heave of soil beneath deep excavation
G. Zheng & Z. Li
Design and construction of deep excavations in Shanghai
W.D. Wang & Z.H. Xu
3-D finite element modeling and construction aspects for vertical shafts in Metro C Rome
G. Furlani, G. Guiducci, A. Lucarelli, A. Carrettucci & R. Sorge
Effect of cement on tropical peat stabilized by deep mixing method
S. Kazemian, A. Prasad & B.B.K. Huat
Design methods and predictive tools for deep excavations and bored tunnels
Effects of tunnelling on a single pile: Three-dimensional design tool
J.Q. Surjadinata, T.S. Hull & J.P. Carter
Prediction method of the displacement of surrounding ground during excavation
Y. Motoi
Numerical modeling of diaphragm wall behavior in Bangkok soil using hardening soil model
N. Phien-wej, M. Humza & Z.Z. Aye
A nonlinear soil spring model considering ground stress and strain change during excavation
T. Sakamoto & Y. Katsura
How to analyse walls for deep excavations
A. Hettler & T. Schanz
Prediction of tunnel-induced settlements in soft ground
J. Fillibeck & N. Vogt
Strains and failure characteristics of pyroclastic materials in deep excavation
A. Lombardi & A. Capata
Simplified numerical method for tunnel design under seismic condition: Some examples about Istanbul Metro design, Kadikoy-Kartal Line
G.M. Gaspari, G. Quaglio, V. Floria
FEM analyses of deep excavations and earth retaining structures in soft clay
T. Kono & Y. Shigeno
The influence of jet-grout constitutive modelling in excavation analyses
M. Ciantia, M. Arroyo, R. Castellanza & A. Gens
Pile-group response due to tunnelling
F. Basile
Prediction of surface settlements induced by TBM using Artificial Neural Networks method
R. Boubou, F. Emeriault & R. Kastner
Durability of calcarenitic hypogea in the underground cultural heritage of Palermo (Sicily)
M. Zimbardo, L. Ercoli & N. Nocilla
Deep excavation in Bulgaria—comparison of measured and computed performance
A.E. Totsev
Tunnel-boring process in urban environment: Modeling for reliability—a kinematic study
D. Festa, W. Broere, S.v.d. Woude & J.W. Bosch
Mechanical analysis of jet grouted supporting structures
A. Flora, S. Lirer, G.P. Lignola & G. Modoni
3D simulations of a NATM tunnel in stiff clays with soil parameters optimised using monitoring data from exploratory adit
T. Svoboda & D. Mašín
Numerical analysis of 20.5 m deep excavation with anchored diaphragm wall
J. Josifovski, S. Gjorgjevski & M. Jovanovski
Performance of deep excavations in the Taipei Basin
R.N. Hwang & Z.C. Moh
Geotechnical issues related to dry maintenance of open cut excavations below groundwater
table in soft soils: Reliability of a simplified calculation model
F. Carnevale, R. Gallotti, F. Caneparo & P. Pampanin
Ground movements, interaction with existing structures and mitigation measures
Compensation grouting: Mechanisms determining the shape of the grout body
A. Bezuijen & A.F. van Tol
Analysis of ground movements induced by tunnels in sand based on contract CR3 in Kaohsiung metro
B.C.B. Hsiung
The response of buildings to tunnelling: A case study
R.P. Farrell, R.J. Mair, A. Sciotti, A. Pigorini & M. Ricci
The response of piled buildings to deep excavations
M. Korff, R.J. Mair, A.F. van Tol & F.J. Kaalberg
The horizontal response of framed buildings on individual footings to excavation-induced movements
K.H. Goh & R.J. Mair
The response of buildings to movements induced by deep excavations
K.H. Goh & R.J. Mair
3D numerical modelling and settlement monitoring during excavation of the Metro-Torino South extension
G. Barla, M. Barla & G. Leuzzi
3D Numerical modelling of tunnelling intersecting piles
S.W. Lee, C.K.M. Choy, S.C. Tse, F.R. van Gool, W.W.L. Cheang & R.B.J. Brinkgreve
Geotechnical cut-off diaphragms for built-up area protection in urban underground development
N.S. Nikiforova & D.A. Vnukov
Greater Metro Line 3, Cairo: Installation of underground construction pits using cut-off-wall and soft-gel-grouting
L. Liersch & M. Baltruschat
An interpretation of jet grouting effects on the retaining structures of a deep excavation and on adjacent buildings
E. Fontanella, L. Callisto, A. Desideri, A. Sciotti & C. Ottaviani
Compensation grouting of piled foundations to mitigate tunneling settlements
F.J. Kaalberg, R.D. Essler & R. Kleinlugtenbelt
Settlement behaviour after compensation and corrective grouting
A. Bezuijen, F.J. Kaalberg, R. Kleinlugtenbelt & R.D. Essler
South Toulon tunnel: Analysis of an instrumented section
J.P. Janin, D. Dias, R. Kastner, F. Emeriault, A. Guilloux & H. Lebissonnais
Prediction of the effects induced by the Metro C construction on an old masonry building
F. Buselli, A. Logarzo, S. Miliziano, F. Formato, G. Simonacci & A. Zechini
Ground movements induced by tunnel boring in Naples
E. Bilotta & G. Russo
EPB tunnelling in deltaic deposits: Observations of ground movements
A. Gens, A. Di Mariano & M.T. Yubero
Mitigation of the effects induced by shallow tunneling in urban environment: The use of ‘compensation grouting’ in the underground Line B1 works in Rome
A. Sciotti, A. Desideri, G. Saggio & C. Kummerer
Jacked piles as mitigation measure of surface settlements due to tunneling in clay
M. Marchi, G. Gottardi, G. Marchi, P.M. Masoli, L. Zambianchi & G. Zattoni
Observed and predicted settlements induced by the construction of hydraulic tunnels in Buenos Aires
A. Logarzo, S. Miliziano, V. Floria & M. Pescara
On the effects of Line 6 tunnel excavation in Naples
B. Bitetti, A. Mandolini, A.F.V. Tol, W. Broere & R.B.J. Brinkgreve
Long term environmental effect of tunnel construction in weak soils
M. Mets, R. Raudsepp & T. Ruben
Soft ground tunneling in urban areas—proximity effects
J.F. Chang, H.C. Chao & Z.C. Moh
Activities of TC204 working groups
Urban tunnels in soft ground: Review of current design practice
V. da Mota Wedekin, R. Kastner, A. Guilloux, A. Bezuijen, J. Standing & A. Negro Jr.
Guidelines for comparing field or physical model observations with numerical simulations
G.M.B. Viggiani
A predictive exercise on the behaviour of tunnels under seismic actions
E. Bilotta & F. Silvestri
Author index