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These Recommendations are a worldwide used resource for the design, testing and installation of stay cables for cable-stayed bridges using prestressing wires, strand or bar as the main tension element. The 2012 edition includes several significant additions and updates, such as the strength resistance factors including extrados stay systems, fire resistance qualification testing details and cable loss due to fire provisions, wind loads and cable galloping provisions, fatigue and static strength testing requirements, HDPE pipe requirements, and some other updates.
Table of Contents
1.0 Scope
1.1. Referenced standards and specifications
1.1.1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
1.1.2. American Welding Society (AWS)
1.1.3. ASTM International
1.1.4. British Standars Institute
1.1.5. California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS)
1.1.6. European Committee for Standardization
1.1.7. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
1.1.8. French Association for Standardization
1.1.9. German Institute for Standardization
1.1.10. International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib)
1.1.11. Post-Tensioning Institute (PTI)
1.1.12. SSPC: Society for Protective Coating
1.1.13. Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects
2.0 Notation, definitions, and abbreviations
2.2.1. Notation
2.2.2. Definitions
2.2.3. Abbreviations
3.0 Materials
3.1. General
3.2. Main tension elements
3.2.1. Wire
3.2.1.1. Quality control
3.2.2. Strand
3.2.2.1. Quality control
3.2.3. Epoxy-coated strand
3.2.3.1. Quality control
3.2.3.2. Surface preparation
3.2.3.3. Application of epoxy coating
3.2.3.4. Inspection of materials
3.2.3.5. Replacement of rejected epoxy strand
3.2.4. Bar
3.2.4.1. Quality control
3.2.5. Wire or strand not specifically itemized in ASTM A722/A722M
3.3. Individually sheathed strands with corrosion inhibiting coating
3.3.1. Surface preparation
3.3.2. Application of corrosion inhibiting coating
3.3.3. Application of sheating
3.3.4. Inspection
3.3.5. Replacement of rejected sheathed strand
3.3.6. High density polyethylene material for sheathed strand
3.3.7. Polypropylene materials for sheathed strand
3.3.8. Corrosion inhibiting coating material
3.3.9. Performance tests for individually sheathed polyethylene or polypropylene strand
3.4. Anchorage components
3.5. Stay pipe
3.5.1. Cross sectional area
3.5.2. Steel pipe
3.5.2.1. Coating
3.5.3. High density polyethylene pipe
3.5.3.1. Pipe specifications
3.5.3.2. Material specifications
3.5.3.3. Wall thickness
4.0 Systems qualification & testing
4.1. Corrosion protection
4.1.1. General
4.1.2. Barriers
4.1.2.1. Anchorage/free length interface
4.1.3. Materials
4.1.4. Qualification of barriers
4.1.4.1. Internal barriers
4.1.4.2. External barriers
4.1.5. Qualification of temporary corrosion protection system
4.1.6. Qualification of anchorage assemble
4.1.6.1. Leak test
4.1.6.2. Preparation
4.1.6.3. Testing
4.1.7. Acceptance criteria
4.1.7.1. Barriers
4.1.7.2. Anchorage assembly
4.1.8. Documentation
4.2. Acceptance testing of stay cables
4.2.1. Limitations of full scale acceptance
4.3. Acceptance of prior tests of stay cables
4.4. Quality control of other stay cable components
4.5. Fire resistance qualification testing
4.5.1. Furnace & test temperatures
4.5.2. Test specimen & monitoring temperature of MTE
4.6. Summary of testing requirements
5.0 LRFD design
5.1. Loads
5.1.1. Dead loads
5.1.2. Live loads
5.1.3. Fatigue load
5.1.4. Dynamic load allowance
5,1.5. Wind loads on stay cables
5.1.6. Thermal loads
5.2. Wind-induced vibrations
5.2.1. Mechanisms of dynamic excitation
5.2.2. Monitoring of cable vibrations
5.2.3. Design provisions
5.2.3.1. Contingency measures
5.2.3.2. Rain-wind induced vibrations
5.2.3.3. Cable galloping
5.2.3.4. Aerodynamic contour of cable
5.2.3.5. Damping
5.2.3.6. Stabilizing cables
5.2.3.7. Connections
5.2.3.8. Rattling
5.3. Desing
5.3.1. Design limit states
5.3.2. Load factors and combinations
5.3.2.1. Construction limit state
5.3.3. Resistance factors
5.3.3.1. Special seismic resistance factors
5.3.4. Bending effects-free length
5.3.4.1. Strength of stay cable anchorages for lateral loads
5.3.5. Fatigue limit state
5.4. Cable replacement
5.5. Loss of cable
5.5.1. Cable loss due to fire
5.6. Construction
5.7. Design of cable saddles
5.7.1. General
5.7.2. Design criteria
5.7.2.1. Cable radius
5.7.2.2. Slip and force transfer
5.7.2.3. Cable bending stresses
5.7.2.4. Component design specifications
5.7.3. Detailing
5.7.3.1. Corrosion protection
5.7.3.2. Qualification of saddle corrosion protection system details
5.7.4. Testing
5.7.4.1. Saddle design testing
5.7.4.2. Fatigue testing
5.7.4.3. Friction testing
5.8. Alternative stay cable systems
5.9. Guide pipe minimum design forces
5.10. Extrados/low fatigue stay systems
6.0 Installation of stay cables
6.1. Quality control program
6.2. Fabrication
6.2.1. General
6.2.2. Pre-fabrication
6.2.3. Site fabrication
6.3. Handling of stay cable components
6.3.1. Procedures
6.3.2. Cable protection and coiling
6.3.3. Equipment and lifting devices
6.3.4. Damage and repair
6.4. Packing and shipping
6.4.1. Stay cable metallic components
6.4.2. Strands, wires, and bars
6.4.2.1. Bare strands and wires
6.4.2.2. Bare bars
6.4.2.3. Epoxy-coated, galvanized or sheathed strand
6.4.3. Anchor and socket assemblies
6.4.4. Pipe
6.4.4.1. High density polyethylene pipe without tension element
6.4.4.2. Steel pipe
6.4.5. Pre-assembled cables with HDPE pipe
6.5. Material site inspection
6.6. Storage
6.6.1. Requirements and limitations
6.6.2. Facility
6.6.3. Environmental control
6.7. Pre-installation inspection
6.7.1. Bare, epoxy-coated, galvanized or sheathed strands and wires
6.7.2. Bare strands and wires
6.7.3. Epoxy-coated or sheathed strands
6.7.4. Bar
6.7.5. High density polyethylene pipe
6.7.6. Stell pipe
6.7.7. Pre-assembled cable
6.7.8. Anchors and socket assemblies
6.8. Stay pipe assembly preparation
6.8.1. High density polyethylene pipe
6.8.1.1. Pipe length
6.8.1.2. Fusion welds
6.8.2. Steel pipe
6.8.2.1. Welding requirements
6.8.2.2. Inpection for steel pipe welding
6.9. Installation
6.9.1. Installation program
6.9.1.1. Cable alignment and centering devices
6.9.1.2. Minimum calbe forces
6.9.2. Vibrations control
6.9.3. Jacks and gauges
6.9.4. Stressing
6.9.5. Detensioning
6.9.6. Installations records
6.9.6.1. Monitoring
6.9.6.2. Permanent records
7.0 Stay cable inspection and monitoring
7.1. General
7.1.1. Design considerations
7.1.2. Inspection and maintenance
7.1.3. Inspections
7.2. Visual inspection of stays
7.3. Condition evaluation
7.4. Non-destructive evaluation and monitoring
7.5. Frequency of inspection
7.6. Monitoring of cable vibrations
7.7. Cable inspection & maintenance manual
7.7.1. Items for inspeccion & maintenance manual
8.0 References
Appendix A - Details of one-pin test
Appendix B - Sample of galvanized strand specifications
Appendix C - Corrosion protection system detail
App.C.1. Temporary corrosion protection
App.C.2. Wrapping with PVF tape
App.C.3. Coating for steel pipe
App.C.3.1. Shop applied prime coat
App.C.3.1.1. Surface preparation
App.C.3.1.2. Prime coat preparation
App.C.3.1.3. Prime coat application
App.C.3.1.4. Quality inspection for prime coat
App.C.3.2. Field applied intermediate and finish coats
App.C.4. Portland cement grout
App.C.4.1. General
Appendix D - Conversion factors: SI to U.S. units
