Contenido Deep Mining 2014.Proceedings of the Seventh International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining

The objective of this series of international seminars is to promote discussion and documentation of the latest technologies and practices of mining in deep and high stress environment. Since inception, the technical content has focussed on geomechanics issues with themes such as seismic monitoring, ground support and numerical modelling
dominating the proceedings. Nevertheless, the seminars also offer an important contribution to the more traditional mine engineering themes of deep mine planning and design, as well as ventilation.
Deep Mining 2014 followed the previous International Deep and High Stress Mining Seminars held in Perth, 2012; Santiago, 2010; Perth, 2007; Quebec City, 2006; Johannesburg, 2004; and Perth, 2002

Keynote authors:

• David Counter, Glencore Canada Corp., Canada

• Professor Ray Durrheim, University of the Witwatersrand and CSIR, South Africa

• Dr Stephen Hardcastle, Natural Resources Canada, Minerals and Metals Sector,       CanmetMINING, Canada

Content:

• Case studies
• Ground support
• Numerical modelling

• Monitoring
• Planning and design issues
• Rock mechanics
• Seismicity
• Ventilation

Table Contents

Australian Centre for Geomechanics

Committees

Technical Reviewers

Preface

Sponsors

Keynote addresses

Kidd Mine – dealing with the issues of deep and high stress mining – past, present, and future
DB Counter, Glencore Canada Corp., Canada

Has research and development contributed to improvements in safety and profitability of deep South African mines?
RJ Durrheim, University of the Witwatersrand and CSIR, South Africa

The continuing challenge to provide adequate ventilation and a safe environment in deep mines
SG Hardcastle, Natural Resources Canada, Minerals and Metals Sector, CanmetMINING, Canada

Plenary session

Towards continuous bulk production from below 2.5 km
D Morrison, H Parsons, A Akerman, Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation, Canada

Mitigation strategies for mining in high stress sill pillars at Coleman Mine – a case study
S Townend, A Sampson-Forsythe, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada

Practical applications of a rockburst database to ground support design at LaRonde Mine
P Turcotte, Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd., Canada

4D data management and modelling in the assessment of deep underground mining hazard
WJ McGaughey, Mira Geoscience Ltd., Canada

Seismic risk and hazard management at Kidd Mine
NV Disley, Glencore Canada Corp., Canada

Observational studies of the rock mass response to mining in highly stressed gold mines in South Africa
H Ogasawara, Ritsumeikan University, Japan; M Nakatani, The University of Tokyo, Japan; RJ Durrheim, CSIR and Universityof the Witwatersrand, South Africa; M Naoi, Kyoto University, Japan; Y Yabe, H Moriya, Tohoku University, Japan;GF Hofmann, C Stander, DP Roberts, P de Bruin, J Oelofse, Anglogold Ashanti, South Africa; H Kato, 3D Geoscience, Japan;
A Cichowicz, D Birch, D Ngobeni, Council for Geoscience, South Africa; A Milev, T Kgarume, CSIR, South Africa; T Satoh,Geological Survey, Japan; S Horiuchi, Home Seismo, Japan; H Kawakata, O Murakami, Ritsumeikan University, Japan;N Yoshimitsu, The University of Tokyo, Japan; AK Ward, J Wienand, P Lenegan, Sibanye Gold, South Africa; H Yilmaz,
S Mngadi, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; PS Piper, TN Clements, Groundwork Consulting, South Africa;S Nakao, Kagoshima University, Japan; M Okubo, H Ishii, Tono Research Institute of Earthquake Science, Japan; AV Visser,Open House Management Solutions, South Africa

Rock support testing in Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB’s underground mines, Sweden
E Swedberg, F Thyni, J Töyrä, Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB, Sweden; A Eitzenberger, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden

Analysis and numerical modelling of dynamic ground support based on instrumented full-scale tests
A Roth, Geobrugg AG, Switzerland; M Cala, AGH University of Technology and Science, Poland; R Brändle, Geobrugg AG, Switzerland; E Rorem, Geobrugg North America, USA

The influence of change in mining and ground support practice on the frequency and severity of rockbursts
P Morissette, J Hadjigeorgiou, University of Toronto, Canada; AR Punkkinen, DR Chinnasane, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada

Case studies

A comparison of shallow and deep mining
T Anderson, KGHM International Ltd., Canada

Rock mechanics tools for mining in high stress ground conditions at Nickel Rim South Mine
A Jalbout, B Simser, Sudbury Integrated Nickel Operations, A Glencore Company, Canada

From high stress to de-stressed – mining in changing conditions
P Bergström, K Sahala, First Quantum Minerals Ltd., Finland; M Hakala, KMS Hakala Oy, Finland

Ground support

Deformation-based support selection for tunnels in strainburst-prone ground
PK Kaiser, Laurentian University, Canada

The operational and laboratory aspects of a thin spray-on liner
PK Boeg-Jensen, Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB, Sweden; G Swan, Rock Mechanics & Mine Design, Canada

Load-deformation behaviour of a deformable rockbolt and accessories under dynamic loading
FC Charette, Normet Canada Ltd., Canada; AJ Hyett, Yieldpoint Inc., Canada; B Voyzelle, T Anderson, Natural Resources Canada, Minerals and Metals Sector, CanmetMINING, Canada

Development in deep, hard rock mines – beyond 10 m/day
D Morrison, A Akerman, H Parsons, Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation, Canada

Ultra rapid strength development in dry-mix shotcrete for ultra rapid support in challenging mining conditions
J-D Lemay, M Jolin, Université Laval, Canada; R Gagné, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada

Development of a rapid strength gain dry-mix shotcrete using calcium sulfo-aluminate cement for mining and tunnelling applications
S Reny, N Ginouse, King Packaged Materials Company, Canada

Examples of ground support practice in challenging ground conditions at Vale’s deep operations in Sudbury
M Yao, A Sampson-Forsythe, AR Punkkinen, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada

Use of cable bolts to reinforce the hanging pillars and improve the ore recovery when stopes are mined using double top sills at Vale’s Copper Cliff Mine
DR Chinnasane, M Knutson, A Watt, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada

Enlightening bolts
AJ Hyett, YieldPoint Inc., Canada; FC Charette, Normet Canada Ltd., Canada; BJ Forbes, Queens University, Canada; AC Engbretson, YieldPoint Inc., Canada

Economic and productivity comparison of ground support for rockburst prone and squeezing ground conditions
LJ Hayman, Coffey International Ltd, Australia

Numerical modelling

Empirical and numeric al investigation on the behaviour of foliated rock masses under high stress conditions
E Karampinos, J Hadjigeorgiou, University of Toronto, Canada; P Turcotte, M-M Drolet, F Mercier-Langevin, Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd., Canada

Mine-scale numerical modelling, seismicity and stresses at Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden
J Vatcher, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden; SD McKinnon, Queen’s University, Canada; J Sjöberg, Itasca Consultants AB, Sweden

Numerical modelling and scientific visualisation – integration of geomechanics into modern mine designs
L Cotesta, CP O’Connor, RK Brummer, Itasca Consulting Canada Inc., Canada; AR Punkkinen, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada

Stability investigations around a tunnel in an iron mine through 3D discontinuum and continuum stress analyses
PHSW Kulatilake, X Wang, University of Arizona, USA; W Song, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China

The effect of the presence of salt formations above extracted copper ore as determined by numerical modelling
B Pałac-Walko, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland; W Pytel, KGHM CUPRUM CBR, Poland

Use of 3DEC to study spalling and deformation associated with tunnelling at depth
TV Garza-Cruz, M Pierce, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., USA; PK Kaiser, Laurentian University, Canada

Monitoring

Wireless monitoring of geotechnical and hydrology instrumentation using the battery-powered MineHop network
A Dulmage, M Trenwith, Mine Design Technologies Inc., Canada; A Cervinka, Newtrax Technologies Inc., Canada

Determining the feasibility of a real time geophysical magnetic and electric measurement system for monitoring strain underground – laboratory magnetic test
C Schaub, R Smith, Laurentian University, Canada

Numerical study of grout–rock mass interaction effect on distributed optical fibre sensor measurements
B Madjdabadi, University of Waterloo, Canada; B Valley, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; MB Dusseault, University of Waterloo,
Canada; PK Kaiser, Laurentian University, Canada

Planning and design issues

Assessment of stope sequence alternatives in a diminishing ore pillar
S Shnorhokian, HS Mitri, McGill University, Canada; L Moreau-Verlaan, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada

Towards mining schedule optimisation constrained by geomechanics
N Saeidi, D Millar, L Fava, M Cai, MIRARCO, Laurentian University, Canada

Translating new knowledge into practical and effective tools for geotechnical risk and database management indeep high stress mines
DJ Duff, Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation, Canada

Strain rock energy approach to the optimisation of rock drilling processes
HE Munoz, A Taheri, E Chanda, C Xu, The University of Adelaide, Australia; D Grant, BHP Billiton, Australia; L Franca,
CSIRO/DET CRC, Australia

Investigation of stope blast designs in a deep underground mine through vibration analysis
B Mohanty, D Zwaan, L Trivino, University of Toronto, Canada

Lightweight skips – factors influencing operational reliability
S Gorzalczynski, Wabi Iron & Steel Corp., Canada

Feasibility of Acti-Gel® as a cost-effective additive for underground mine hydraulic backfill applications
K Tarr, I Bedard, Natural Resources Canada, Minerals and Metals Sector, CanmetMINING, Canada; F Malek, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada; H Kim, Active Minerals International LLC, Canada

Effect of deep mine temperature conditions on the heat development in cemented paste backfill and its properties
M Fall, University of Ottawa, Canada; D Wu, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, China; M Pokharel, University
of Ottawa, Canada

Microgeneration of electricity using mine drainage – a proposal for deep mines
JM Salamanca, JJN Merchán, DAB Castañeda, Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia, Colombia

Rock mechanics

Geostatistical interpolation of estimated RQD values and its use in geomechanics design considerations – a case study
AK Verma, M Yao, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada

Estimation of in situ stress using the memory technique for deep mining
PM Dight, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, The University of Western Australia, Australia; BG Tarasov, Centre for

Offshore Foundation Systems, The University of Western Australia, Australia; A Hsieh, Australian Centre for Geomechanics,
The University of Western Australia, Australia; AV Dyskin, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Australia

The Sudbury Basin stress tensor – myth or reality?
FT Suorineni, The University of New South Wales, Australia; F Malek, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada
Seismicity

Strainburst hazard awareness for development miners
RR Lyle, SJ Wrixon, A Price Jones, Cementation Canada Inc., Canada

Shear rupture – two case studies from a deep mine
RP Bewick, Golder Associates Ltd., Canada; PK Kaiser, Laurentian University, Canada; WF Bawden, University of Toronto,
Canada

The statistical presentation of seismicity for appreciating seismic hazard
E Jones, D Beck, Beck Engineering Pty Ltd, Australia; E Villaescusa, Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University/CRC
Mining, Australia

Simulation of mining-induced seismicity using the Salamon–Linkov method
D Malovichko, G Basson, Institute of Mine Seismology, Australia

3D velocity model with complex geology and voids for microseismic location and mechanism
DS Collins, Y Toya, I Pinnock, V Shumila, Z Hosseini, ESG Solutions, Canada

The induced mechanism of pillar rockbursts in deep hard rock mines
J Deng, Lakehead University, Canada

Using clustering algorithms to assist short-term seismic hazard analysis in deep South African mines
DB Rebuli, SJ Kohler, Institute of Mine Seismology, South Africa

Analysis of microseismic cluster locations based on the evolution of mining-induced stresses
S Shnorhokian, HS Mitri, McGill University, Canada; L Moreau-Verlaan, Vale Canada Ltd., Canada

Wave propagation simulation in underground mines by SPECFEM2D
X Wang, M Cai, Laurentian University, Canada

Ventilation

Overcoming high temperature water ingress in deep shaft mining
MT Swanson, Cementation USA, Inc., USA; TM Goodell, Rio Tinto, USA

Liquid air for energy storage, auto-compression, compressed air and ventilation in deep mining
DL Cluff, GA Kennedy, PJ Foster, University of Exeter, UK

Radon progeny in Ontario’s non-uranium underground mines
APE Dirige, Laurentian University, Canada

Conciliating ventilation requirements and geomechanical requirements for deep mining
D Thibodeau, J Jodouin, Stantec, Canada

Pathway mapping of airflow delivery to the production areas in underground mine ventilation systems
GG Li, SG Hardcastle, CNatural Resources Canada, Minerals and Metals Sector, CanmetMINING, Canada

Theoretical determination of the number of adits and cross-sectional area for the airflow requirements of the New Level Mine Project
EI Acuña, G Soto, Codelco Chile, Chile

Considering ventilation on demand for the developments of the New Level Mine Project, El Teniente
EI Acuña, A Feliú, Codelco, Chile

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